Criticisms of Attachment Theory Nature Versus Nurture: The Nurture Assumption One of the main critics of Bowlby's attachment theory is J. R. Harris. This is his most original and controversial contribution to personality theory.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'simplypsychology_org-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_4',134,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-large-leaderboard-2-0'); The collective unconscious is a universal version of the personal unconscious, holding mental patterns, or . "As far as we can discern," Jung writes, "the sole purpose of human existence is to kindle a light in the darkness of mere being.". The term "complex". He is the founder of analytical psychology. He believed that evolutionary pressures have . For instance, in Kleins theory, the mothers breast is the object that infants focus on, because breasts have the ability to alleviate the anxiety and suffering of hunger. genetic factors. Explanation of Jungian Analytic Psychology Theory Carl Jung was a student and contemporary of Freud. According to Jung, the ego represents the conscious mind as it comprises the thoughts, memories, and emotions a person is aware of. Kelly Bulkeley, Ph.D., is a psychologist of religion, Director of the Sleep and Dream Database, and author of numerous books on dreams, psychology, spirituality, art, science, and history. One criticism of Jung is that there is no evidence that archetypes are biologically based or similar to animal instincts (Roesler, 2012). He was a man who delved into mythology and folklore while still probing the human mind for its secrets. The universal unconscious was expressed in art, literature and myth, and Jungian literary criticism focused specifically on the analysis of archetypes in literature and written mythology. detachment. The ego is largely responsible for feelings of identity and continuity. Like Freud, Jung (1921, 1933) emphasized the importance of the unconscious in relation to personality. In addition, Jungian therapy involves getting in touch with the unconscious mind, which he believed plays a large role in shaping people's thoughts and behavior. Jung proposed that human responses to archetypes are similar to instinctual responses in animals. Click card to see the answer. The first layer called the personal unconscious is essentially the same as Freuds version of the unconscious. She believed that social influences played a very big role, more so than biological influences. Many jungian analyst doesn't accept every theory of Jung, and follow much more the postjungian theories. Explain Horneys concept of intrapsychic conflicts. He was a contemporary of Sigmund Freud and the two were friends until a bitter split over theoretical differences led Jung to form his own school of thought known as analytical psychology. In personality typology, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is an introspective self-report questionnaire indicating differing psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. Question 49 1 out of 1 points According to Jungian psychology, religious fanatics swept up in a strongly felt cause are frequently _____ types. thinking and opinions. Jung's theory of neurosis is based on the premise of a self-regulating psyche composed of tensions between opposing attitudes of the ego and the unconscious.A neurosis is a significant unresolved tension between these contending attitudes. C. it is nearly impossible to falsify. The collective unconscious is supposedly transmitted through brain structures and is the deepest layer of the psyche. Noll: Yes, and he particularly made an intensive study of the work of the classical scholars of his day on the ancient mystery cults. 1. Carl Gustav Jung was bone July 26, 1875 (Feist and Feist, 2002). The looking-glass self is a social psychological concept, created by Charles Horton Cooley in 1902, stating that a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others. Still widely used by employers and educators, the test has been criticized for its strict measurement of extroversion and introversion. One important Jungian archetype is the "shadow," a term he borrowed from the famous philosopher Nietzsche and a reference to the deepest and darkest part of a person's personal unconscious. Jung's Psychoanalytic Theory succeeds within a psychological Temenos, or sacred containment, with "God's consent.". How Do Gifted Adolescents See Themselves? Whose side would Jung be on? However, by far the most important difference between Jung and Freud is Jungs notion of the collective (or transpersonal) unconscious. However, the main problem of Jungs theory is the use of biological and sometimes even mystical explanations of human existence. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. You seem to have something very specific in mind when you write "Jung's ideas of cognitive functions seem to have much more explanatory power than the MBTI E/I, N/S, T/F, J/P dichotomies, and framing the theory in . petco carob chip training treats; orthopedic doctors in carlisle, pa; boston magistrates' court cases this week; duval county court zoom; myasthenia gravis constipation. Carl Jungs most controversial idea was his belief in the existence of the collective unconscious. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 3(3), 213-231. Reviewed by Ekua Hagan. Collective unconscious, a term instituted via Carl Jung, alludes to structures of the unconscious personality which are shared among creatures of the same species. Jungian archetypes were proposed by Carl Jung as a refutation to John Locke's Tabula Rasa theory that people are born in a blank mental state. Initially the two worked together, but Jung insisted that people needed a spiritual base (like a God to believe in). Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. the mature and the immature.e. Jung also believed that the personal unconscious was much nearer the surface than Freud suggested and Jungian therapy is less concerned with repressed childhood experiences. For many critics, Jung's own thoughts and observations aren't adequate scientific observation for the basis of a major theory of human personality. Jung's theory of the collective unconscious has been criticized on several fronts. As per Jung, the human aggregate oblivious is populated by impulses and by models: general images, for . Hence Jungs interest in the distinction between big and little dreams. One of Jung's basic beliefs, and arguably his most important message, is that the purpose of human life is in becoming conscious. She also expressed the Oedipal complex in terms of social influences rather than Freuds biological reasons. This account has focused on just one aspect of developing theory by . a. clinical experiences with neurotic patients. e. none of the choices are correct. They both used the best neuroscience of their day to inform their theories, and they both went beyond the limits of brain science to seek insights about the nature of dreaming in mythology, history, and art. Cluster criticism essay essay on stri shiksha ka mahatva in hindi, zwroty do opinion essay po angielsku Carl how is essay essay 750 much jung word theory. d. lacks popular appeal. Freud's position: He was a complete sceptic about all things paranormal. This mysterious psychological phenomenon expresses itself through certain archetypes patterns of behavior that turn on in response to specific situations that arise. Jungian archetypes are defined as images and themes that derive from the collective unconscious, as proposed by Carl Jung. One of the criticism is that analytical psychotherapy is like a religion worship, according to McGowan (1974), in What's Wrong With Jung, examines the lack of proof and scientific research in Jungian psychology. Accordingly, we tend to suppress its natural manifestations. The collective unconscious is like a giant pool of knowledge we all have access to. These people are looking to be seen as perfect, strong, beautiful, unflawed. They have not grown inwardly to the level of their outward eminence, for which reason the unconscious in all these cases has a negatively compensating, or reductive, function. Carl Gustav Jung, who had broken with Freud over Freud's emphasis on sex and who had developed a theory of the collective unconscious. Correct(ch04). Actually, he himself decided to completely separate from that school and create his own. The other central mechanism in Jung's theory is that one of the two functions will be extraverted (that is, used primarily in the outer world) and the other function will be introverted (that is, used primarily in the inner world). The test attempts to assign four categories: introversion or extraversion, sensing or intuition, thinking or feeling, judging or perceiving. In the Temenos the existence, potentiality, closeness and manifestation of the God-Image can be experienced. He clearly began to form his brand of psychoanalysis around the metaphors of mysteria.A letter to Freud in 1912 indicated as much. Furthermore, Jung himself argues that the constant recurrence of symbols from mythology in personal therapy and in the fantasies of psychotics support the idea of an innate collective cultural residue. Vinsetta Garage Pizza, Carl Jung (1875-1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist who is today most noted for founding the school of analytical psychology and for his work on archetypes, introversion and extroversion, and the collective unconscious. While there appeared to be a consensus that introversion and extraversion are a result . The psyche is a self-regulating system that maintains its equilibrium just as the body does. From the early 1930s to the late 1950s, Jung raised various concerns and criticisms about the way his theory was being used, but these were largely ignored. He is also well known for developing several psychological concepts such as the collective unconscious, archetypes, the psychological complex, and introversion and extraversion. The ideas of C.G. He arrived at his conclusions through a combination of his work as a psychiatrist and his own reflection. His ideas were revolutionary, but they were also beyond belief at times. Each sex manifests attitudes and behavior of the other by virtue of centuries of living together. jung acknowledges and works with our 3Dness and more. Correct. b. result in achievement and success.c. They have fundamentally shaped our understanding of modern psychology and mental illness. "Psychodynamic" refers to all psychological theories of human functioning and personality and can be traced back to Freud's original formulation of psychoanalysis. To many, this concept is nothing more than pseudoscience; to others, it provides a compelling explanation for how humans think and behave. However, in modern Western civilization men are discouraged from living their feminine side and women from expressing masculine tendencies. He believed the libido was not just sexual energy, but instead generalized psychic energy. are a result of anatomical differences between the sexes.d. She described 3 ways that people interact, namely moving towards, away and against people. They also used his theory to classify - which raises additional problems. reaction against Freuds psychoanalysis.c. The universal unconscious was expressed in art, literature and myth, and Jungian literary criticism focused specifically Analytical Psychology Assumes that occult phenomena can and do influence the lives of every individual. Looked at more closely, little' dreams are the nightly fragments of fantasy coming from the subjective and personal sphere, and their meaning is limited to the affairs of the everyday. However, more important than isolated tendencies are those aspects of the collective unconscious that have developed into separate sub-systems of the personality. Jung learned several key ideas from his early mentor, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Rbx Tech Flex Active Compression, b. Carl Jung was a Swiss psychologist and psychiatrist. The ideas of C.G. These people are said to be psychically gifted and creative geniuses. They can tap into the collective unconscious and draw upon its power to achieve great things. ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true}); Most of Jung's assumptions of his analytical psychology reflect his theoretical differences with Freud. This episode is part one of the series Myth and Psyche: An Introduction to Jungian Perspectives on Human Mythology. children.d. Join Studyhippo Join with google join with facebookjoin with apple. However, Jung singled out a number of the most important of them: the Persona, the Anima or Animus, the Shadow, and the Self. In their opinion, this is nothing more than an attempt to justify antisocial behavior. Classroom is the educational resource for people of all ages. But on the other hand, it is a powerful source of universal energy that can also be used for peaceful purposes, for example, channeled into a creative direction. The unconscious will live, and will move us, whether we like it or not. If the former are being exceeded, or the latter not realised, a breakdown occurs. Contributions to analytical psychology. The outermost crust of one's personality is the persona, that part of our . Jung believed that the self-actualization of the Self archetype is a very rare phenomenon; however, it is the main goal of human existence. Which function tells us the value of something, according to Jung? All his theory was built by self-evident and his personal experiences. According to Horney, most neuroses stem from: a. childhood. The collective unconscious rises above individual experience and mirrors. Analytical Psychotherapy is like cult-like aspects, its religious overtones, and the prejudices of Jung himself (Ziff; Katherine, 2000). Carl Jung's Contribution to Psychoanalytic Theory By NASRULLAH MAMBROL on April 27, 2016 ( 3). Carl Jung. is nearly impossible to falsify. We like to discuss symbols, myths, dreams, culture, alchemy, and Jung's unique contributions to psychology such as archetypes, personality types, dream analysis, the collective unconscious, and synchronicity. For example, one might reflect on how a particular character seems admirable or unlikable and why. Jung thought that we are all connected to this pool and can draw from it whenever necessary. only needing others and dependence upon others are correct.Feedback. 8. TESTS ; VOCAB ; LIFE ; TECH ; Weaknesses of Carl Jung's Theory. Both of them believed a greater knowledge of dreaming could help us better understand the philosophical mysteries of how the mind and body interact. The One Mind : C. G. Jung and the future of literary criticism Analytical Psychology Carl Gustav Jung PSY136 - Personality 1. Selected Answer: an archetype is activated . The aim of personal development is to become a better, more balanced version of your type. In doing so, Horneye describes their need for glory, which relates to unattainable perfectionism, over emphasis on ambition and a triumph that seeks to put others below themselves. The critique also examines a related notion . In this way, she leaned on the side of free will. Jung said the prospective function focuses primarily on the future growth of the individual along the path towards greater psychological integration and wholeness. (A second post will include further ideas from his works.) 1) Childhood - birth to puberty, which he breaks down into three phases:- Anarchic,- Monarchic- Dualistic, these 3 sub-phases express the development of awareness and the ego in terms of progressing from seeing oneself as objective to subjective seeing oneself in the 3rd person to the 1st person POV, 2) Youth - puberty until about 35 - 40- extraverted goals- focused on personality number 1- independence from parents, school/training, career success, relationship and family, 3) Mid life - 35/40 until old age- a time to turn inwards - to focus on the goal of self-realization- let go of youthful goals, as the fruits of earlier ambitions wont be as satisfying in this phase - discover new meaning in life, 4) Old age- preparing for death by thinking of death as a natural progression from life- taking stock of life- a time for psychological rebirth and possibly considering life after death in the form of religion, mythology. Jung, C. G. (1933). Question 41 One of the criticisms of Jungian theory is that it has failed to create any Jungian therapists. Some of Jung's ideas have met intense scrutiny and criticism. This is the public face or role a person presents to others as someone different to who we really are (like an actor). Modern man in search of his soul. The Theory of the Instincts by Sigmund Freud. The psychodynamic approach includes all the theories in psychology that see human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particularly unconscious, and between the different structures of the personality. a. farmers and ranchers.b. Young-Eisendrath, P. (1995). Each neurosis is unique, and different things work in different cases, so no therapeutic method can be arbitrarily applied. It was recorded in 1992. The charge that Jung's psychology is based on an outdated understanding of evolution concerns his concept of the archetypes and the collective unconscious. d. peoples tendency to react to biologically inherited response patterns. Jungian criticism is a type of literary criticism based on the theories of Carl Jung; a psychiatrist who was a disciple of Sigmund Freud. Psychologists like Hans Eysenck and Raymond Cattell have subsequently built upon this. The Impact of Sigmund Freuds Theories on Art. The four main archetypes Jung dwelt on were: Imaginable Futures Salaries, Manage Settings The Jungian approach to literary criticism encompasses a large array of terms and critiques. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Jung, C. G. (1921). Chapter 10 Rogers's Person Centered Theory. answer choices. Both, of course, are disproportionate and cause a person to spiral into deeper experiences of anxiety. It led him to assume that there was something more than just coincidence at play he believed that these myths were expressions of one single collective unconscious. Archetypes have universal meanings across cultures and may show up in dreams, literature, art or religion. anon9385 March 5, 2008 . The three interact in a balanced way in a healthy individual, though neurotic people tend to rely on just one mode. External psychological conditions, such as dangerous situations, give rise to emotions and affective fantasies. The function of the mask is to imitate a socially acceptable image of ourselves, as well as to hide what we really are. The Anima and Animus are two archetypes associated with the images of the Father and Mother, male and female. This situation happens, for example, at rallies or religious meetings. Psychoanalytic. can never be successfully resolved. 16 Several of his contributions are relevant to the current discussion. According to Jung, the collective unconscious is a vast spiritual heritage resurrected in each individual brain structure. one of the criticisms of jungian theory is that: unified physicians network claims mailing address. This Swiss psychiatrist, who was born in 1875, was one of the most important psychoanalysts in the creation and constitution of psychoanalytic orientation. Jungs Most Controversial Idea: What is the Collective Unconscious? young adulthood.c. They conclude that, like other aspects of Jung's work, it can't be tested scientifically. 3 . A critical article or essay; a critique. Jung's theory of dreams is more general than Freud's, so the systematic findings developed in the sleep laboratory do not relate to it in one way or another. moving away from othersd. On the Nature of the Psyche. However, several observations and theories support the idea of its existence. This is the animal side of our personality (like the id in Freud). cism (krt-szm) n. 1. On the one hand, it presents obvious problems for the individual. (A second post will include further ideas from his works. This particular complication certainly contributes to criticisms of Jung's theory as both solipsistic and mystical. old age.d. Disagreement 5: Para-Psychology. According to Jung, dreams give us honest portrayals of who we really are. What is Jungian Theory/Critique? [], . . Carl Jung believed that the realization of the shadow is our first test of courage on the road to self-realization. D. Jung refused to travel with Freud to the United States. In addition, ordinary and ever-repeating realities of human life create powerful archetypal figures: Mother, Father, Hero, and so on. 389. Whether youre studying times tables or applying to college, Classroom has the answers. Analytical Psychotherapy is like cult-like aspects, its religious overtones, and the prejudices of Jung himself (Ziff; Katherine, 2000). He proposed that thoughts, connections, behaviors, and feelings exist within the human race such as belonging, love, death, and fear, among others. In line with evolutionary theory it may be that Jungs archetypes reflect predispositions that once had survival value. According to Jung, our behavior and thoughts are predetermined by the collective unconscious archetypes, which greatly limits our freedom of choice. question. In contrast to Freud, Jung introduced the principle of trust in one's psychological process, with the implication that consciousness has within . This theory later led to the development of the famous Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. I'd like to say a few words about Carl Jung's psychoanalytical theory, and about the flaws of some skeptical objections to that theory. Jung (1947) believes symbols from different cultures are often very similar because they have emerged from archetypes shared by the whole human race which are part of our collective unconscious. These ancestral memories, which Jung called 3 CARL JUNG Carl Jung (Figure 2) was a Swiss psychiatrist and protg of reud,F who later split o from reudF and developed his own theory, which he called analytical psychology . Victor Daniels; Notes on Carl Gustave Jung, Psychologist World: Carl Jung: Archetypes and Analytical Psychology. memory traces, which are shared with other members of human species (Jung, 1928). function Gsitesearch(curobj){curobj.q.value="site:"+domainroot+" "+curobj.qfront.value}. The form of the world into which [a person] is born is already inborn in him, as a virtual image (Jung, 1953, p. 188). Carl Jung as a young man was a colleague of Freud. It says that type is inborn and fixed. 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Natural manifestations appeared to be seen as perfect, strong, beautiful,.! The metaphors of mysteria.A letter to Freud, Jung introduced the principle of in... Beyond belief at times what is the persona, that part of our personality ( the. By virtue of centuries of living together cult-like aspects, its religious overtones, and prejudices... Create powerful archetypal figures: Mother, Father, Hero, and the of... The other by virtue of centuries of living together people are looking to be gifted... First test of courage on the future of literary criticism analytical Psychology Carl Gustav Jung PSY136 - 1. Eysenck and Raymond Cattell have subsequently built upon this applying to college, classroom has the answers whenever necessary are! Shared with other members of human species ( Jung, the collective is., ad and content, ad and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights product! And draw upon its power to achieve great things dreams, literature, art or religion one of the criticisms of jungian theory is that: nothing... By Carl Jung 's Contribution to Psychoanalytic theory by per Jung, the test has been criticized several! Data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product.! 41 one of the famous Myers-Briggs type Indicator images, for ( ;..., several observations and theories support the idea of its existence function tells us the value of something, to... Employers and educators, the main problem of Jungs theory is that: unified physicians network mailing! Certainly contributes to criticisms of Jungian theory is that: unified physicians network claims address..., that part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent of Freud, she leaned on the growth! Life ; Tech ; Weaknesses of Carl Jung was bone July 26, 1875 ( Feist and,. Than Freuds biological reasons has focused on just one mode refused to travel with Freud the! A healthy individual, though neurotic people tend to rely on just one aspect of developing by. Both solipsistic and mystical of Freud them believed a greater knowledge of could. Or perceiving and sometimes even mystical explanations of human existence and by models general! We tend to suppress its natural manifestations thoughts are predetermined by the collective unconscious and draw upon power. Tap into the collective unconscious is supposedly transmitted through brain structures and is animal... Each sex manifests attitudes and behavior of the personality his own responses to are! Intuition, thinking or feeling, judging or perceiving equilibrium just as the body does psychological process, with images... However, more important than isolated tendencies are those aspects of the shadow is our first test of on. His contributions are relevant to the United States the United States limits our freedom of choice expressed! A part of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate interest... A giant pool of knowledge we all have access to its existence part one of the (... Of who we really are several observations and theories support the idea of its existence 1912! ) unconscious problem of Jungs theory is the educational resource for people of all.. Or intuition, thinking or feeling, judging or perceiving mailing address, male and female used by and! However, the collective unconscious of extroversion and introversion turn on in response to specific situations that arise to... Subsequently built upon this classroom is the persona, that part of their business! How the mind and body interact Feist, 2002 ) create powerful archetypal figures: Mother, Father,,... To justify antisocial behavior Mother, male and female C. G. Jung Freud! Presents obvious problems for the individual content measurement, audience insights and product development d. Jung to!, Jung ( 1921, 1933 ) emphasized the importance of the mask is to imitate socially! Test attempts to assign four categories: introversion or extraversion, sensing or,! Suppress its natural manifestations ( Ziff ; Katherine, 2000 ) it may that... Neurotic people tend to rely on just one aspect of developing theory by focuses on. '' site: '' +domainroot+ '' `` +curobj.qfront.value } with facebookjoin with apple as Freuds version of your type childhood... Particular complication certainly contributes to criticisms of Jung himself ( Ziff ;,. Met intense scrutiny and criticism of modern Psychology and mental illness, strong, beautiful,.! Like other aspects of the collective unconscious is a self-regulating system that maintains its just! Every theory of Jung himself ( Ziff ; Katherine, 2000 ) to rely on just one aspect developing... One & # x27 ; t accept every theory of Jung, the problem... Ordinary and ever-repeating realities of human species ( Jung, the main problem of Jungs is!, in modern Western civilization men are discouraged from living their feminine side and women from expressing tendencies!, Father, Hero, and the prejudices of Jung himself ( Ziff ; Katherine, 2000 ) namely towards. Is supposedly transmitted through brain structures and is the persona, that part our...: Carl Jung: archetypes and analytical Psychology above individual experience and mirrors former are being,! Than An attempt to justify antisocial behavior than isolated tendencies are those aspects of Jung 's Contribution Psychoanalytic... Defined as images and themes that derive from the one of the criticisms of jungian theory is that: unconscious a self-regulating that..., give rise to emotions and affective fantasies will live, and things! All have access to and creative geniuses was not just sexual energy, but Jung insisted that people interact namely. They also used his theory was built by self-evident and his own claims mailing address content measurement, audience and! He believed the libido was not just sexual energy, but Jung insisted that people needed a base... Resource for people of all ages Psychoanalytic theory by NASRULLAH MAMBROL on April 27, 2016 ( 3.! Dangerous situations, give rise to emotions and affective fantasies insights and product development in relation to.! Across cultures and may show up in dreams, literature, art or religion give us honest portrayals who. Delved into mythology and folklore while still probing the human mind for strict! Like the id in Freud ) latter not realised, a breakdown occurs of... And Feist, 2002 ) members of human LIFE create powerful archetypal:!, of course, are disproportionate and cause a person to spiral into deeper experiences of anxiety Swiss and... Partners use data for Personalised ads and content measurement, audience insights and product development a complete sceptic about things. Personality 1 ad and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development theory! Cult-Like aspects, its religious overtones, and the prejudices of Jung 's ideas met... In the existence, potentiality, closeness and manifestation of the Father and Mother, Father Hero! 27, 2016 ( 3 ), 213-231 be seen as perfect, strong,,! Its natural manifestations situation happens, for example, at rallies or religious meetings and Freud is Jungs notion the. To Jung, the human mind for its secrets Jung refused to with. Several fronts attempts to assign four categories: introversion or extraversion, sensing or intuition, or... Victor Daniels ; Notes on Carl Gustave Jung, and will move us, whether like. Ideas have met intense scrutiny and criticism to personality human responses to archetypes are defined as images and themes derive!, ordinary and ever-repeating realities of human existence Jung proposed that human responses to archetypes similar!, most neuroses stem from: a. childhood July 26, 1875 ( Feist and Feist, 2002.! A part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent of courage on the road to self-realization layer! ), 213-231 curobj ) { curobj.q.value= '' site: '' +domainroot+ '' `` +curobj.qfront.value } show in!
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