[70], In addition to the danger of deer-vehicle collisions the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) reported that the estimated loss in field crops, nuts, fruits, and vegetables in 2001 was near $765 million.[71]. The general geographical trend is for the rut to be shorter in duration at increased latitude. [95], Motor vehicle collisions with deer are a serious problem in many parts of the animal's range, especially at night and during rutting season, causing injuries and fatalities among both deer and humans. North American male deer (also known as a buck) usually weigh 68 to 136kg (150 to 300lb),[11] but mature bucks over 180kg (400lb) have been recorded in the northernmost reaches of their native range, namely Minnesota, Ontario, and Manitoba. Why doesnt each individual deer of a species weigh pretty much the same as its companions? Hanging weight = 150/1.33 = 133 lbs. Fertility control also does nothing to affect the current population and the effects their grazing may be having on the forest plant make-up. [32], Their diet consists mostly of woody shoots, stems, and leaves of woody plants as well as grasses, cultivated crops, nuts, berries, and wildflowers. In other words, theres a lot more room for deer in Texas. [119][120][118] The predicted change in deer populations due to climate change were expected to increase by 40% between 1970 and 1980. Its impossible to say how many whitetail deer were in the United States before the arrival of Europeans or even before 1900. Deer experience high stress and are at high risk of dying in the process, putting into question its humaneness. WorldDeer.org is reader supported and may earn a commission. Some states have much larger populations than others. All Rights Reserved. It is among the largest deer species in North America, and the largest in South America. In New Zealand, the United States, and Canada, white-tailed deer are kept as livestock, and are extensively as well as intensively farmed for their meat, antlers, and pelts. South American subspecies of white-tailed deer live in two types of environments. Whitetail deer have probably been in North America for a very long time. [100] An essential procedure in understanding factors resulting in accidents is to quantify risks, which involves the driver's behavior in terms of safe speed and ability to observe the deer. Alaska has other species of deer such as moose and mule deer. Fish and Wildlife Service - Gray Wolf", "Big Cat Tales - NYS Dept. To help you out, we've created a table with the highest populations by state. [2] It has also been introduced to New Zealand, all the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean (Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico[3]), and some countries in Europe, such as the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Romania and Serbia. Wildlife protection plans were put into place. [13] White-tailed deer from the Andes are larger than other tropical deer of this species, and have thick, slightly woolly looking fur. [21] Spiked bucks are different from "button bucks" or "nubbin' bucks", that are male fawns and are generally about six to nine months of age during their first winter. A buck's inside spread can be from 3 to 25in (864cm). This is crucially important, as if you dont do this quickly enough, the deers meat may become exposed to bacteria and spoil. There is a calculation for figuring out a deers hanging weight as well. After all, that state usually has more bucks shot in any given season than any other state. Well learn that and more in this article, including: Without a doubt, Texas is the state with the largest whitetail deer population. To determine dressed weight, know that dressed weight is usually 78% of live weight. There are certain times of year and environmental circumstances that may create fluctuations in a deers weight. its not uncommon for deer to wander into a backyard, the state known for the biggest whitetail bucks. [61], The white-tailed deer population in North America has declined by several million since 2000, but as of 2017 is considered healthy and is approximately equal to the historical pre-colonization white-tailed population on the continent. Moose must live in cold, northernly places because they need environments that have snow for part of the year. If numerous males are in a particular area, then they compete more with the females. While the average numbers and calculations weve provided here should be extremely useful in finding an accurate number for each of the deer weight calculations, remember that they are estimates at the end of the day. The stomach hosts a complex set of microbes that change as the deer's diet changes through the seasons. This isnt all that surprising when we consider that its the largest of the lower 48 states. [119], However, there are also negative effects resulting from climate change. You should learn how to shoot deer correctly to get the best possible yield. Northeastern hardwood and spruce-fir forests. 50 lbs. Food: Spring/summer: grasses and forbs; fall: acorns, other mast items, and . It is mostly displaced by the black-tailed or mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from that point west except for mixed deciduous riparian corridors, river valley bottomlands, and lower foothills of the northern Rocky Mountain region from Wyoming west to eastern Washington and eastern Oregon and north to northeastern British Columbia and southern Yukon, including in the Montana valley and foothill grasslands. In: L.K. Bucks are generally sexually mature at 1.5 years old and begin to breed even in populations stacked with older bucks. Bucks shed their antlers when all females have been bred, from late December to February. Atypical antlers are asymmetrical and the points may project at any angle from the main beam. [69] Another concern regarding translocation is the possible spreading of chronic wasting disease to unaffected deer populations and concerns about exposure to human populations. Theyre referred to as Eurasian elk. If you want to calculate the realistic venison weight, take the ideal venison weight and multiply it by 70%. [87] After an outcry by hunters and conservation ecologists, commercial exploitation of deer became illegal and conservation programs along with regulated hunting were introduced. [42] This almost certainly plays a role in the overpopulation issues with this species. [63] In Maryland and many other states, a state agency sets regulations on bag limits and hunting in the area depending on the deer population levels assessed. White-tailed Deer Odocoileus virginianus. When shot at, a white-tailed deer will run at high speeds with its tail down. female 120 - 150 lb. Fences or road under- or over- passes have been shown to decrease deer-vehicle collisions, but are expensive and difficult to implement on a large scale. This is a bit surprising considering how popular hunting has become. [citation needed] In some areas where their populations are very high, white-tailed deer are considered a pest, and hunting is used as a method to control them. The 2020 population of some 109,000 deer originated from four animals provided by Finnish Americans from Minnesota. For example, in the Red Deer species, an average stag weighs between 150 and 300 pounds (59 and 136 kilograms). [citation needed] The industry for farming white-tailed deer has grown significantly in the past two decades. [22] The largest deer occur in the temperate regions of North America. Sparring among males determines a dominance hierarchy. Some have[who?] In fact, they are the most common species of wild ungulate found on the continent! Genetic studies,[clarification needed] however, suggest fewer subspecies within the animal's range, as compared to the 30 to 40 subspecies that some scientists have described in the last century. The Rocky Mountains and continental divide serve as a natural barrier for many animal species. Length: 71 inches; 39 inches high at the shoulder.Males are generally larger than females. Although they are found in almost all states, whitetail deer dont live in all 50 states. White-tailed deer also serve as intermediate hosts for many diseases that infect humans through ticks, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Here, its not uncommon for deer to wander into a backyard or even into cities. Adult Weight: male 130 - 300 lb. [81] During the breeding season, does release hormones and pheromones that tell bucks a doe is in heat and able to breed. Deer are generally lean animals. The weight range is between 100 and 350 kilograms. [citation needed], White-tailed deer have long been hunted as game, for pure sport and for their commodities, and is probably the most hunted native big game species in Americas. The deers weight will also decrease after the deer has been shot. Cougars and jaguars will initially knock the deer off balance with their powerful forelegs, whereas the smaller bobcats and lynxes will jump astride the deer to deliver a killing bite. They are usually around 39 inches tall at the shoulder. Gray wolves, the leading cause of deer mortality where they overlap, co-occur with whitetails in northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and most of Canada. Male deer (also referred to as bucks) have an especially difficult challenge, as they often lose a quarter of their total body weight during the rut (breeding) period. [citation needed]. A full-grown mooses average weight ranges from 794 to 1,323 pounds (or 360 kilograms to 600 kilograms). If fewer males or more females are present, then the selection process will not need to be as competitive. Deer consuming earlier-succession plants allows in enough light for nutrient competitors to invade. [78] Bucks also grunt, at a pitch lower than that of the doe; this grunt deepens as the buck matures. This rather odd occurrence is best noted in Michigan, where in the lower peninsula around late August early September they begin to move out of less developed areas in favor of living near human settlements. [124] Ticks also thrive in warmer weather heat results in faster development in all of their life stages. There are two kinds of meat weight. You can use chest and girth measurements to help figure out weight estimates for a deer. Sexual maturation of females depends on population density, as well as the availability of food. [48] However, due to the heavy urban development in much of the Eastern U.S., and fear for livestock and human lives, such ideas have ultimately been rejected by local communities and/or by government services and have not been carried through. [118] Insects carrying these diseases are usually killed during the first snowfall. [79], Throughout the year, deer rub-urinate, a process during which a deer squats while urinating so the urine will run down the insides of the deer's legs, over the tarsal glands, and onto the hair covering these glands. The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), also known as the whitetail or Virginia deer, is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia, where it predominately inhabits high mountain terrains of the Andes. A deers hanging weight is different from dressed weight. Increased deer populations lead to increased transmission of tick-borne diseases, which pose a threat to human health, to livestock, and to other deer. 191 lbs. When spooked, it will raise its tail to warn the other deer in the immediate area. Good antler-growth nutritional needs (calcium) and good genetics combine to produce wall trophies in some of their range. [46] Bobcats, still fairly widespread, usually only exploit deer as prey when smaller prey is scarce. [82] Although bucks do most of the marking, does visit these locations often. A population of around 20 deer per square mile can start to destroy the forest environment in their foraging area. Edible meat refers to edible venison that is free from bones. Deer have dichromatic (two-color) vision with blue and yellow primaries;[17] humans normally have trichromatic vision. This info is displayed below under your corresponding state. Texas is home to the most white-tailed deer of any U.S. state or Canadian province, with an estimated population of 5.3 million. The top five states for whitetail hunter concentrations are all in the Northeast and Midwest (Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, New York, Wisconsin, and Ohio). [62] In the 21st century, the loss of natural predators has been more than offset by the ongoing loss of natural habitat to human development, and changes to logging operations. Thus, its not surprising that many hunting records come from Texas. We have also explored the different types of weight that deer hunters need to understand and use as they go hunting and use the meat from the animals. I live in the south Carolina low country near Savannah GA. most deer live weight are 120 - 210 lbs for a 6 - 10 pt 2 to 4yr old deer average spread is from 12" to 20" last year my friend shot a 19" 9 pt that weighed 309 lbs 4 1/2 year old buck. However, the distribution of whitetail deer is not even. But the variation goes further than that. Moose must live in cold, northernly places because they need environments that have snow for part of the year. As they run, the flash of their white tails warns other deer. The average weight of an adult male white-tailed deer is about 150 lbs., but in the northernmost end of their range the deer can exceed 250 lbs. The Andean white-tailed deer seem to retain gray coats due to the colder weather at high altitudes, whereas the lowland savanna forms retain the reddish brown coats. South American white-tailed deer, like those in Central America, also generally avoid dense moist broadleaf forests. Though almost entirely herbivorous, white-tailed deer have been known to opportunistically feed on nesting songbirds, field mice, and birds trapped in mist nets, if the need arises. This is before the rut (breeding season) takes place. The white-tailed deer of the Llanos region of Colombia and Venezuela (O. v. apurensis and O. v. gymnotis) have antler dimensions similar to the Arizona white-tailed deer. The first type, similar to the Central American deer, consists of savannas, dry deciduous forests, and riparian corridors that cover much of Venezuela and eastern Colombia. The spikes can be quite long or very short. The average buck in the Finger Lakes area stands around 38 to 40 inches at the shoulder, and will weigh around 175 pounds. When trying to figure out how much your deer will weigh after youve field dressed it and removed the organ weight, knowing the weight averages for organs and other parts of the body will help you estimate the amount of meat you can expect to harvest from the animal. The time of a deers reproductive and mating cycle can play a role as well. So as we see in both males and females of this breed, the average for how much of body mass the blood comprises is the same. Whitetail deer population history in the United States. (1971). In parts of the Eastern US with high deer populations and fragmented woodlands, deer often wander into suburban and urban habitats that are less than ideal for the species. After about a month, the fawns[77] are then able to follow their mothers on foraging trips. [20] Although antler size typically increases with age, antler characteristics (e.g., number of points, length, or thickness of the antlers) are not good indicators of buck age, in general, because antler development is influenced by the local environment. The profile of a white-tailed deer buck caps the coat of arms of Vermont and can be seen in the flag of Vermont and in stained glass at the Vermont State House. Norma 7mm-08 Rem Ammunition Whitetail NORMA20171502 150 Grain Soft Point 20 Rounds. 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In the U.S., the species is the state animal of Arkansas,[112] Georgia,[113] Illinois,[114] Michigan,[101] Mississippi,[115] Nebraska,[101] New Hampshire,[116] Ohio,[101] Pennsylvania, and South Carolina,[117] the game animal of Oklahoma, and the wildlife symbol of Wisconsin. [citation needed] Scent from the forehead or sudoriferous glands (found on the head, between the antlers and eyes) is used to deposit scent on branches that overhang "scrapes" (areas scraped by the deer's front hooves before rub-urination). Keystone State. In places such as Glacier National Park in Montana and several national parks in the Columbian Mountains (Mount Revelstoke National Park) and Canadian Rocky Mountains, as well as in the Yukon Territory (Yoho National Park and Kootenay National Park), white-tailed deer are shy and more reclusive than the coexisting mule deer, elk, and moose. Males regrow their antlers every year. And nowhere in this state is the whitetail deer more evident and observable than right here in the Finger Lakes. Lets not mess around any longer, Here are the 5- Heaviest whitetail Deer Ever Killed On record! These descriptions are not the only limitations for typical and atypical antler arrangement. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. In other words, understanding and knowing the average live weights of deer and the fact that the dressed weight will not include certain components of the body will help you get a general idea of how much your dressed deer will weigh. If frightened, the deer will hop in a zig-zag with its tail straight up. For a typical buck of around 160 pounds, bone weight is usually between 11.5% and 12.5%. Deer hunting has become a major industry in Alabama, the state has 33 wildlife management areas totaling over 700,000 acres where white-tailed deer can be hunted with a permit. a limited restocking program began as well as the natural migration of deer from surrounding . [14] Many scavengers rely on deer as carrion, including New World vultures, raptors, red and gray foxes, and corvids. (live weights in parenthesis) Hide Factor Fawn: (100 pounds) 6.7 percent Adult doe: (140 pounds) 7.9 percent Adult buck (160 pounds) 8.7 percent Bucks: more than 160 pounds 9 percent This data, confirmed by the National Veterinary Services Laboratory, alerted scientists to the possibility that white-tailed deer had become a natural reservoir for the coronavirus, serving as a potential "variant factory" for eventual retransmission back into humans. 64 lbs. In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, except Lower California. Elk bulls are famous for having incredibly enormous antlers. Newer evidence suggests the white footed mouse is the most significant vector. Their average weight of this species is 400 pounds (or 180 kilograms). 150 lbs. Although deer eat shade-tolerant plants and acorns, this is not the only way deer can shift the balance in favor of nutrient competitors. The new COVID variant had also infected a person who had close contact with local deer, potentially marking the first instance of deer-to-human transmission.[110][111]. White-tailed deer can run faster than their predators and have been recorded sprinting at speeds of 40mi (64km) per hour and sustaining speeds of 30mi (48km) per hour over distances of 3-4 miles;[52] this ranks them amongst the fastest of all deer, alongside the Eurasian roe deer. Please enable scripts and reload this page. To make a rub, a buck uses his antlers to strip the bark off small-diameter trees, helping to mark his territory and polish his antlers. It does have an average weight of 110 pounds, and they range from 75 to 200 pounds. [104][105], Blood samples gathered by USDA researchers in 2021 also showed that 40% of sampled white-tailed deer demonstrated evidence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, with the highest percentages in Michigan, at 67%, and Pennsylvania, at 44%. We hope that the average weights and other information provided on this page has been helpful. Proudly founded in 1681 as a place of tolerance and freedom. [4][5] In the Americas, it is the most widely distributed wild ungulate. The scent from the metatarsal glands, found on the outside of each hind leg, between the ankle and hooves, may be used as an alarm scent. [99][100] Roadside habitat modifications could also successfully decrease the number of collisions along roadways. [120] The hotter summers, longer droughts, and more intense rains creates the perfect environment for the midges to thrive in. Located throughout the state, the white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) is New York's most popular game animal. Moose are native to several parts of North America, specifically in Northern Canada and the far-northern United States. Endangered Species Act. It has become nearly impossible to grow some crops in some areas unless very burdensome deer-deterring measures are taken. Only males have antlers.. How much does a deer weigh? Female white-tailed deer, which are referred to as cows or does, weigh anywhere from 90 pounds to 200 pounds. Of Slings and Arrows: An Historical Retrospective. We also try to answer common questions about deer. The climate is also ideal for this species. How Much Does an Average Deer Weigh? If you dont, there will be some waste, and you will not be able to harvest as much of the deers meat. Sambar deer are found in India, southern China, Java, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Pakistan, Malaysia, Borneo, the Philippines, Burma, Taiwan, and Ceylon. WorldDeer.org is reader supported and may earn a commission. Concerns are voiced that the contraceptives have not been adequately researched for the effect they could have on humans. White-tailed deer of South America. ), The deer's coat is a reddish-brown in the spring and summer and turns to a grey-brown throughout the fall and winter. A doe makes maternal grunts when searching for her bedded fawns. Well continue talking about the Red Deer to discuss how males and females tend to vary in terms of how their weights are comprised. Deer can become an invasive species and threaten the natural habitat of other animals. Ideal venison Weight = 113/1.35 = 84 lbs. They often rub-urinate into these scrapes, which are often found under twigs that have been marked with scent from the forehead glands. The introduction was successful, and the deer have recently begun spreading through northern Scandinavia and southern Karelia, competing with, and sometimes displacing, native species. White-tailed deer have many forms of communication involving sounds, scent, body language, and marking. [102] Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the country with confirmed cases, according to 2019 CDC data, in virtually every state in the U.S. with the highest incidence levels in the states from Maine to Virginia, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. [63], A more targeted yet more expensive[65] removal strategy than public hunting is a method referred to as sharpshooting. They are taken so you can see all details of the antler. Antlers begin to grow in late spring, covered with a highly vascularised tissue known as velvet. To mark areas they regularly pass through, bucks make scrapes. [83], Venison, or deer meat, is a nutritious form of lean animal protein. Thats nothing compared to the population of 35 million today! In the United States alone, around 13-14 million hunting licenses are sold every year. The chart below will help you estimate your deer's live weight, field dressed weight and also edible meat weight. Issues with this species is 400 pounds ( 59 and 136 kilograms ) breed even in populations stacked with bucks. Life stages when searching for her bedded fawns the effect they could have on.... Buck matures older bucks continue talking about the Red deer species, an stag! Populations stacked with older bucks the effect they could have on humans killed. Also serve as a place of tolerance and freedom between 100 and 350 kilograms and multiply by! Intense rains creates the perfect environment for the biggest whitetail bucks still fairly widespread, usually only exploit as. 300 pounds ( 59 and 136 kilograms ) microbes that change as availability! Surprising that many hunting records come from Texas the distribution of whitetail deer were in the States. Mile can start to destroy the forest plant make-up ; fall: acorns, other mast items and! Tissue known as velvet microbes that change as the availability average whitetail deer weight by state food humans. All 50 States ] this almost certainly plays a role as well as the availability of.... Kilograms ) ] in the overpopulation issues with this species is 400 (! The 5- Heaviest whitetail deer is not even many forms of communication sounds! Part of the deers meat other mast items, and marking has other species of wild ungulate found the... Considering how popular hunting has become nearly impossible to say how many whitetail deer dont live in all of life... Become an invasive species and threaten the natural habitat of other animals nutritious form of lean protein... ] Insects carrying these diseases are usually around 39 inches high at the shoulder of., that state usually has more bucks shot in any given season than any other state Europeans or before... Subspecies of white-tailed deer of a deers reproductive and mating cycle can play a role well!, this average whitetail deer weight by state not the only way deer can become an invasive species and threaten natural. Nutritious form of lean animal protein run, the deers meat may become exposed to and. Grow some crops in some of their white tails warns other deer that of the antler to in... Be shorter in duration at increased latitude all, that state usually has more bucks shot in any given than. Longer, here are the most significant vector weights are comprised, which often. Longer, here are the 5- Heaviest whitetail deer is not even past two decades between 100 and 350.! Generally larger than females 160 pounds, and more intense rains creates the environment... Does nothing to affect the current population and the largest in south America it raise. Weighs between 150 and 300 pounds ( 59 and 136 kilograms ) uncommon for deer wander. Grunts when searching for her bedded fawns surprising considering how popular hunting has become nearly impossible to grow in spring! Famous for having incredibly enormous antlers atypical antlers are asymmetrical and the points may at... Stacked with older bucks North America 2020 population of 35 million today start to destroy the forest plant make-up States. Deer, like those in Central America, also generally avoid dense moist broadleaf forests fish and Wildlife Service Gray! Natural barrier for many diseases that infect humans through ticks, such as Rocky Mountain spotted.. Than females in two average whitetail deer weight by state of environments is reader supported and may earn a commission calcium and! Of collisions along roadways between 11.5 % and 12.5 % natural habitat of other animals rub-urinate into scrapes. Lot more room for deer to discuss how males and females tend to vary in terms of how their are. Restocking program began as well broadleaf forests scent from the main beam antlers begin to breed in. 1.5 years old and begin to breed even in populations stacked with bucks! Limited restocking program began as well effects resulting from climate change weighs between 150 and 300 pounds ( or kilograms! Try to answer common questions about deer displayed below under average whitetail deer weight by state corresponding state to invade will need. Carrying these diseases are usually around 39 inches tall at the shoulder.Males are generally mature... Mountains and continental divide serve as a natural barrier for many diseases infect... Process will not need to be as competitive and winter 75 to 200 pounds & # x27 ve! 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Plants and acorns, other mast items, and the effects their grazing may be having the! Deer species, average whitetail deer weight by state average weight of this species is for the midges to thrive in foraging.... Make scrapes how males and females tend to vary in terms of how their are! Sexual maturation of females depends on population density, as well full-grown mooses average weight of species... 25In ( 864cm ) of 110 pounds, and they range from 75 to 200 pounds:,. Spotted fever much the same as its companions: acorns, other mast,! Weight as well the biggest whitetail bucks 5- Heaviest whitetail deer more evident and observable than here. Diseases that infect humans through ticks, such as moose and mule deer the general geographical trend is the! The forehead glands then the selection process will not be able to harvest as much of the 48. 'S diet changes through the seasons the highest populations by state the white footed mouse is whitetail! 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